The Role of Fact-Finding Committees in International Criminal Procedures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61279/7pdnkb37Keywords:
Facts-Finding Committees, Facts-Finding, International Criminal Court, investigation, Criminal EvidenceAbstract
Fact-finding committees play a crucial role in international criminal procedures by establishing the factual foundation necessary for legal judgments and accountability. These committees are typically authorized by international criminal court, to investigate claims of serious violations of international criminal law. Their key objectives include facilitating the peaceful resolution of disputes between states, overseeing the implementation of international agreements, and providing critical information for global decision-making. The credibility and effectiveness of these committees depend on the clarity of their mandates, the neutrality of their investigations, and the rigor of their methodologies. By delivering an independent and objective evaluation of facts, they contribute to upholding international legal standards and advancing justice. Their findings can lead to the prosecution of individuals responsible for severe violations of international law, thereby strengthening the principles of accountability and deterrence.
Furthermore, these committees often operate in complex and challenging environments, requiring a high level of expertise and adaptability to navigate political sensitivities while maintaining the integrity of their investigations. Ultimately, fact-finding committees are essential in the ongoing pursuit of truth and justice within the international legal framework
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أولاً: الكتب:
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ثانياً: البحوث:
Makane Moïse Mbengue, International Courts and Tribunals as Fact-Finders: The Case of Scientific Fact-Finding in International Adjudication, 34 Loy. L.A. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 53 (2011).
hiri Krebs, Designing International Fact-Finding: Facts, Alternative Facts, and National Identities, 41 Fordham Int’l L.J. 337 (2018).
Hanne-Margaret Birckenbach The Role of Fact-Finding in Preventive Diplomacy, International Journal of Peace Studies (Vol. 2, No. 2, Special Issue: Peace Building in Fractionated Societies: Conceptual Approaches and Cultural Specificities (July 1997).
Mark Klamberg (2011) – Fact-Finding in International Criminal Procedure, SSRN. Obiora C. Okafor, the International Human Rights fact-Finding Praxis in its Living forms: A TWAIL Prospective, Transnational Human Rights Review, 1. (2014) .
ثالثاً: القرارات
CDF Transcript, Sept. 27, 2006,at22; AFRC Transcript, Mar. 8, 2005,at17–18;AFRCTran script, July 5, 2005, at64; AFRC Transcript, July 7, 2005, at 28; AFRC Transcript, July 13, 2005, at48.
Prosecution v. Sesay et al., Case No. SCSL-04–15-T, Transcript, July 27, 2004, Prosecutor v. Joao Franca da Silva et al., Judicial Sys tem Monitoring Programme, Case Notes, Oct. 22, 2002 .
invasion. Lolotoe Case Notes, Oct. 22, 2002,at6. See also CDF Transcript, Nov. 4, 2004,at 23–24 (witness unable to estimate the age of another).
Prosecutor v. Kajelijeli, Case No. ICTR 98–44A-T, Transcript, Dec. 7, 2001, at43 .
Taylor, Case No. SCSL-2003–01-T, Transcript, May 12, 2008.
Kyra Sanin, U.C. Berkeley War Crimes Studies Center, Special Court Monitoring Program, Update No. 57,Oct.5, 2005,at4.
Prosecutor v. Joni Marques et al., Judicial System Monitoring Programme, Case Notes, Sept. 19, 2001,at213.
RUF Transcript, July 13, 2004,at37. See also RUF Transcript, July 22, 2004,at44 (Witness TF1-331 not able to say in what District or Chiefdom she was born).
CDF Transcript,June16,2004,at25; see also AFRC Transcript,Apr.15,2005.
RUFTranscript, July 27, 2004,at54 (witness knew that Kabbah had been elected at some point but not whether he was in power during the relevant time).
RUF Transcript, July 21, 2004, at 2–3, 11;RUFTranscript,Oct. 21, 2004, at 8, 21–22;RUF Transcript, Jan. 13, 2005,at94–97;RUFTranscript,Mar.17, 2006,at79; CDF Transcript, June 21, 2004,at54–55; Taylor Transcript, Apr. 8, 2008,at6966; Taylor Transcript, Apr. 9, 2008,at 7017, 7052; Taylor Transcript, Apr. 14, 2008,at7388;CDFTranscript,Sept.14, 2004,at160;CDF Transcript, Nov. 8, 2004,at17, 24–25, 44;CDFTranscript,Nov.12, 2004,at4.
رابعاً: المواقع الإلكترونية:
Elements of Crimes, International Criminal Court, the link: (https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/Elements-of-Crimes.pdf).
Types of Evidence Before the International Criminal Court, ((https://ijop.net/index.php/mlu/article/download/2119/1876/4073 22((. Witnesses - | International Criminal Court, ))https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/witnesses((.
Grave Crimes and Weak Evidence: A Fact-finding Evolution in International Criminal Law, (https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/HLI104_crop.pdf).
Choice of Law in International Human Rights Fact- Finding Missions, ((https://www.law.georgetown.edu/legalethicsjournal/wpcontent/uploads/sites/24/2022/08/GT-GJLE210053.pdf 78.)).
ommissions of Inquiry as Bulwarks Against Impunity - Asia Pacific Journal of International Humanitarian Law, https://apjihl.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/04-Bulwarks-Against-Impunity-Sarthak_10.07.2022-1.pdf
How can UN human rights special procedures sharpen ICC fact-finding?, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13642987.2011.537466?src=recsys&journalCode=fjhr20.
From Fact-Finding to Evidence: Harmonizing Multiple Investigations of International Crimes, https://thehagueinstituteforglobaljustice.org/portfolio/from-fact-finding-to-evidence-harmonizing-multiple-investigations-of-international-crimes/ 26. From Isolation to Interoperability: The Interaction of Monitoring the link: (https://hhi.harvard.edu/publications/isolation-interoperability-interaction-monitoring-reporting-).
The International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission and Gaza – How is it Involved?, (https://lieber.westpoint.edu/international-humanitarian-fact-finding-commission-gaza-involved/
خامساً: المواثيق الدولية:
Rome Statute.
Declaration on Fact-Finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security New York, 9 December 1991 , the Link: (https://legal.un.org/).
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